Surface Engineering Effect on Optimizing Hydrogenation Timing of Green Hydrogenated Chitosan-Mediated CuO (H-Cht-CuO) for Cashew-kernel-oil Hydrogenation

Joshua Lelesi Konne; Hamilton Amachree Akens; Arinze Amauche Uwaezuoke; Achu Golden Chiamaka

doi:doi:10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15

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Surface Engineering Effect on Optimizing Hydrogenation Timing of Green Hydrogenated Chitosan-Mediated CuO (H-Cht-CuO) for Cashew-kernel-oil Hydrogenation

Joshua Lelesi Konne, Hamilton Amachree Akens, Arinze Amauche Uwaezuoke, Achu Golden Chiamaka

Published in Modern Chemistry (Volume 7, Issue 3)

Received: 22 August 2019 Accepted: 20 September 2019 Published: 29 September 2019

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Abstract

The effect of polycrystallite surface engineering on the time required to fully hydrogenate green chitosan-mediated CuO to form hydrogenated chitosan-mediated CuO (H-Cht-CuO) as well as the catalytic properties of both CuO and H-Cht-CuO have been investigated. The prepared chitosan mediated CuO was obtained from the reaction of copper (II) sulphatepentahydrate with green alkali (aqueous extract of ripe plantain peel ash) via sol-gel technique (chitosan-gel mediated) and heated at 550°C for 6 h. The resultant sample was divided into two portions. The first was used as the control experiment (0 min) while the second was hydrogenated at varying times of 2 to 8 mins to form the H-Cht-CuO samples. A second CuO (control) without chitosan was also synthesized for structural and surface morphological comparisons with the chitosan-mediated using the XRD and SEM techniques, respectively. The XRD reflections showed differences in peak intensities with the chitosan-mediated having broader peaks while its SEM pores were 8.5 times larger than those of CuO (non chitosan-mediated). UV-Vis analysis of the samples showed that the 2 mins H-Cht-CuO sample had the maximum absorptivity while CuO (control-chitosan mediated) had the least. Both samples were used as catalysts in the hydrogenation of Cashew kernel oil. The GC-MS results showed that the Oleic acid component was reduced from 84.36% to 0.06% and 0%, Linoleic acid from 8.68% to 3.63% and 0% with increase in Stearic acid (saturated C₁₈) from 4.88% to 34.97% and 84.76% by the CuO and H-Cht-CuO, respectively.

Published in	Modern Chemistry (Volume 7, Issue 3) This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials and Their Catalytic Applications
DOI	10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15
Page(s)	73-79
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Optimizing, Hydrogenation Timing, Chitosan-Mediated, Surface Engineering, Cashew-Kernel-Oil Hydrogenation

References

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Joshua Lelesi Konne, Hamilton Amachree Akens, Arinze Amauche Uwaezuoke, Achu Golden Chiamaka. (2019). Surface Engineering Effect on Optimizing Hydrogenation Timing of Green Hydrogenated Chitosan-Mediated CuO (H-Cht-CuO) for Cashew-kernel-oil Hydrogenation. Modern Chemistry, 7(3), 73-79. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15

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ACS Style

Joshua Lelesi Konne; Hamilton Amachree Akens; Arinze Amauche Uwaezuoke; Achu Golden Chiamaka. Surface Engineering Effect on Optimizing Hydrogenation Timing of Green Hydrogenated Chitosan-Mediated CuO (H-Cht-CuO) for Cashew-kernel-oil Hydrogenation. Mod. Chem. 2019, 7(3), 73-79. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15

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AMA Style

Joshua Lelesi Konne, Hamilton Amachree Akens, Arinze Amauche Uwaezuoke, Achu Golden Chiamaka. Surface Engineering Effect on Optimizing Hydrogenation Timing of Green Hydrogenated Chitosan-Mediated CuO (H-Cht-CuO) for Cashew-kernel-oil Hydrogenation. Mod Chem. 2019;7(3):73-79. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15

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@article{10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15,
  author = {Joshua Lelesi Konne and Hamilton Amachree Akens and Arinze Amauche Uwaezuoke and Achu Golden Chiamaka},
  title = {Surface Engineering Effect on Optimizing Hydrogenation Timing of Green Hydrogenated Chitosan-Mediated CuO (H-Cht-CuO) for Cashew-kernel-oil Hydrogenation},
  journal = {Modern Chemistry},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {73-79},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mc.20190703.15},
  abstract = {The effect of polycrystallite surface engineering on the time required to fully hydrogenate green chitosan-mediated CuO to form hydrogenated chitosan-mediated CuO (H-Cht-CuO) as well as the catalytic properties of both CuO and H-Cht-CuO have been investigated. The prepared chitosan mediated CuO was obtained from the reaction of copper (II) sulphatepentahydrate with green alkali (aqueous extract of ripe plantain peel ash) via sol-gel technique (chitosan-gel mediated) and heated at 550°C for 6 h. The resultant sample was divided into two portions. The first was used as the control experiment (0 min) while the second was hydrogenated at varying times of 2 to 8 mins to form the H-Cht-CuO samples. A second CuO (control) without chitosan was also synthesized for structural and surface morphological comparisons with the chitosan-mediated using the XRD and SEM techniques, respectively. The XRD reflections showed differences in peak intensities with the chitosan-mediated having broader peaks while its SEM pores were 8.5 times larger than those of CuO (non chitosan-mediated). UV-Vis analysis of the samples showed that the 2 mins H-Cht-CuO sample had the maximum absorptivity while CuO (control-chitosan mediated) had the least. Both samples were used as catalysts in the hydrogenation of Cashew kernel oil. The GC-MS results showed that the Oleic acid component was reduced from 84.36% to 0.06% and 0%, Linoleic acid from 8.68% to 3.63% and 0% with increase in Stearic acid (saturated C18) from 4.88% to 34.97% and 84.76% by the CuO and H-Cht-CuO, respectively.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Surface Engineering Effect on Optimizing Hydrogenation Timing of Green Hydrogenated Chitosan-Mediated CuO (H-Cht-CuO) for Cashew-kernel-oil Hydrogenation
AU  - Joshua Lelesi Konne
AU  - Hamilton Amachree Akens
AU  - Arinze Amauche Uwaezuoke
AU  - Achu Golden Chiamaka
Y1  - 2019/09/29
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15
T2  - Modern Chemistry
JF  - Modern Chemistry
JO  - Modern Chemistry
SP  - 73
EP  - 79
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-180X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15
AB  - The effect of polycrystallite surface engineering on the time required to fully hydrogenate green chitosan-mediated CuO to form hydrogenated chitosan-mediated CuO (H-Cht-CuO) as well as the catalytic properties of both CuO and H-Cht-CuO have been investigated. The prepared chitosan mediated CuO was obtained from the reaction of copper (II) sulphatepentahydrate with green alkali (aqueous extract of ripe plantain peel ash) via sol-gel technique (chitosan-gel mediated) and heated at 550°C for 6 h. The resultant sample was divided into two portions. The first was used as the control experiment (0 min) while the second was hydrogenated at varying times of 2 to 8 mins to form the H-Cht-CuO samples. A second CuO (control) without chitosan was also synthesized for structural and surface morphological comparisons with the chitosan-mediated using the XRD and SEM techniques, respectively. The XRD reflections showed differences in peak intensities with the chitosan-mediated having broader peaks while its SEM pores were 8.5 times larger than those of CuO (non chitosan-mediated). UV-Vis analysis of the samples showed that the 2 mins H-Cht-CuO sample had the maximum absorptivity while CuO (control-chitosan mediated) had the least. Both samples were used as catalysts in the hydrogenation of Cashew kernel oil. The GC-MS results showed that the Oleic acid component was reduced from 84.36% to 0.06% and 0%, Linoleic acid from 8.68% to 3.63% and 0% with increase in Stearic acid (saturated C18) from 4.88% to 34.97% and 84.76% by the CuO and H-Cht-CuO, respectively.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Joshua Lelesi Konne

Department of Chemistry, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Hamilton Amachree Akens

Department of Chemistry, Federal University, Otuoke, Nigeria
Arinze Amauche Uwaezuoke

Department of Chemistry, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Achu Golden Chiamaka

Department of Chemistry, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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Joshua Lelesi Konne, Hamilton Amachree Akens, Arinze Amauche Uwaezuoke, Achu Golden Chiamaka. (2019). Surface Engineering Effect on Optimizing Hydrogenation Timing of Green Hydrogenated Chitosan-Mediated CuO (H-Cht-CuO) for Cashew-kernel-oil Hydrogenation. Modern Chemistry, 7(3), 73-79. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15

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ACS Style

Joshua Lelesi Konne; Hamilton Amachree Akens; Arinze Amauche Uwaezuoke; Achu Golden Chiamaka. Surface Engineering Effect on Optimizing Hydrogenation Timing of Green Hydrogenated Chitosan-Mediated CuO (H-Cht-CuO) for Cashew-kernel-oil Hydrogenation. Mod. Chem. 2019, 7(3), 73-79. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15

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AMA Style

Joshua Lelesi Konne, Hamilton Amachree Akens, Arinze Amauche Uwaezuoke, Achu Golden Chiamaka. Surface Engineering Effect on Optimizing Hydrogenation Timing of Green Hydrogenated Chitosan-Mediated CuO (H-Cht-CuO) for Cashew-kernel-oil Hydrogenation. Mod Chem. 2019;7(3):73-79. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15

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@article{10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15,
  author = {Joshua Lelesi Konne and Hamilton Amachree Akens and Arinze Amauche Uwaezuoke and Achu Golden Chiamaka},
  title = {Surface Engineering Effect on Optimizing Hydrogenation Timing of Green Hydrogenated Chitosan-Mediated CuO (H-Cht-CuO) for Cashew-kernel-oil Hydrogenation},
  journal = {Modern Chemistry},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {73-79},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mc.20190703.15},
  abstract = {The effect of polycrystallite surface engineering on the time required to fully hydrogenate green chitosan-mediated CuO to form hydrogenated chitosan-mediated CuO (H-Cht-CuO) as well as the catalytic properties of both CuO and H-Cht-CuO have been investigated. The prepared chitosan mediated CuO was obtained from the reaction of copper (II) sulphatepentahydrate with green alkali (aqueous extract of ripe plantain peel ash) via sol-gel technique (chitosan-gel mediated) and heated at 550°C for 6 h. The resultant sample was divided into two portions. The first was used as the control experiment (0 min) while the second was hydrogenated at varying times of 2 to 8 mins to form the H-Cht-CuO samples. A second CuO (control) without chitosan was also synthesized for structural and surface morphological comparisons with the chitosan-mediated using the XRD and SEM techniques, respectively. The XRD reflections showed differences in peak intensities with the chitosan-mediated having broader peaks while its SEM pores were 8.5 times larger than those of CuO (non chitosan-mediated). UV-Vis analysis of the samples showed that the 2 mins H-Cht-CuO sample had the maximum absorptivity while CuO (control-chitosan mediated) had the least. Both samples were used as catalysts in the hydrogenation of Cashew kernel oil. The GC-MS results showed that the Oleic acid component was reduced from 84.36% to 0.06% and 0%, Linoleic acid from 8.68% to 3.63% and 0% with increase in Stearic acid (saturated C18) from 4.88% to 34.97% and 84.76% by the CuO and H-Cht-CuO, respectively.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Surface Engineering Effect on Optimizing Hydrogenation Timing of Green Hydrogenated Chitosan-Mediated CuO (H-Cht-CuO) for Cashew-kernel-oil Hydrogenation
AU  - Joshua Lelesi Konne
AU  - Hamilton Amachree Akens
AU  - Arinze Amauche Uwaezuoke
AU  - Achu Golden Chiamaka
Y1  - 2019/09/29
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15
T2  - Modern Chemistry
JF  - Modern Chemistry
JO  - Modern Chemistry
SP  - 73
EP  - 79
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-180X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20190703.15
AB  - The effect of polycrystallite surface engineering on the time required to fully hydrogenate green chitosan-mediated CuO to form hydrogenated chitosan-mediated CuO (H-Cht-CuO) as well as the catalytic properties of both CuO and H-Cht-CuO have been investigated. The prepared chitosan mediated CuO was obtained from the reaction of copper (II) sulphatepentahydrate with green alkali (aqueous extract of ripe plantain peel ash) via sol-gel technique (chitosan-gel mediated) and heated at 550°C for 6 h. The resultant sample was divided into two portions. The first was used as the control experiment (0 min) while the second was hydrogenated at varying times of 2 to 8 mins to form the H-Cht-CuO samples. A second CuO (control) without chitosan was also synthesized for structural and surface morphological comparisons with the chitosan-mediated using the XRD and SEM techniques, respectively. The XRD reflections showed differences in peak intensities with the chitosan-mediated having broader peaks while its SEM pores were 8.5 times larger than those of CuO (non chitosan-mediated). UV-Vis analysis of the samples showed that the 2 mins H-Cht-CuO sample had the maximum absorptivity while CuO (control-chitosan mediated) had the least. Both samples were used as catalysts in the hydrogenation of Cashew kernel oil. The GC-MS results showed that the Oleic acid component was reduced from 84.36% to 0.06% and 0%, Linoleic acid from 8.68% to 3.63% and 0% with increase in Stearic acid (saturated C18) from 4.88% to 34.97% and 84.76% by the CuO and H-Cht-CuO, respectively.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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