Physico - Microbiological and Chemical Examination of Domestic Water Used by the College of Agriculture Community, Maiduguri, North– Eastern Nigeria

Gwana; A. M.; Bako; M. M.; Auwal; M. S.; Bagudu; B. Y.; Kadai; K. I.; Sadiq; A. B.; Halima; M. B.

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.11

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Physico - Microbiological and Chemical Examination of Domestic Water Used by the College of Agriculture Community, Maiduguri, North– Eastern Nigeria

Gwana, A. M., Bako, M. M., Auwal, M. S., Bagudu, B. Y., Kadai, K. I., Sadiq, A. B., Halima, M. B.

Published in International Journal of Science, Technology and Society (Volume 2, Issue 4)

Received: 17 May 2014 Accepted: 4 June 2014 Published: 20 June 2014

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Abstract

This study was conducted on physico – microbiological and chemical examination of domestic water used by the community, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, North – Eastern Nigeria. 200mls of water samples were randomly collected from seven stations. Methods been applied are physical, microbiological and chemical techniques as described by Cheesbrough, (2010) and AOAC, (1990). Physical parametric values were obtained and falls within the W.H.O. recommended standard values, except one station, in term of turbidity. Presumption coliform count, confirmatory total coliform test, plate count yielded Coliform and Escherichia coli count which exceeded therecommended values. Aerobicmesophilic bacterial count was performed, and met the recommended values limit for safe drinking water. No parasites found from examinat-ion of the water sampled. Elements determined in the water sampled exceeded the W.H.O recommended standard values; chromium in stations E (0.06 mg/l), lead (0.02 mg/l) and G (0.06 mg/l), manganese in stations A (0.25 mg/l), B (0.17 mg/l) and G (0.13 mg/l), which make the water unwholesome for consumption. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis, found significance. Conclusively, water used by this community is found fit for consumption in terms of both physical and parasites free, but, unfit in terms of faecal and some chemicals contamination. Government, NGOs or any authority concerned should assist and build more bore holes with PVC pipes for safe water distributions, communities should be enlightened on the sanitary measures, safe drinking water and it hygienic purification.

Published in	International Journal of Science, Technology and Society (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.11
Page(s)	63-68
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Chemical, Community, Physical, Parametric, Domestic Water, Microbiological

References

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[2]	AOAC, “Official Methods of Analysis, In: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, AOAC Press; Gai-thersburg, Washington D.C, USA, 15th Edition; Pp. 71 – 92, 1990.
[3]	Bonnie, Worthington-Roberts, “Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2008” [DVD]. Remond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, © 1997- 2007, 2008.
[4]	Cainncross, G and Fea-chen, R.G., “Environmental Health Engineering in the Tropic”, In: Wiley, an Introductory Text Book, 4th Edition; Pp. 144 – 149, 1983.
[5]	Frazier, W.C. and Westhoff, D.C., “Food Microbiology”, McGraw Hill Books Co, 4th Edition; Pp. 63 – 487, 1988.
[6]	Gardon, M. Fair., “SilversionWater & West Water Technology”, (Silversion), Ohn – Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1st Edition; Pp. 1 – 68, 1978.
[7]	Gwana, A.M; Auwal, M.S; Bagudu, B.Y. & Gazali, Y.A., “Study Area and Location, In: Comparative of Parasitological Diagnostic Techniques in the Survey of Haemoparasites of Camel Slaughtered in Maiduguri Central Abattoir, North – eastern Nigeria”, Journal of Laboratory Science, Volume 1, num-ber 2; Pp. 57 – 65.
[8]	John, Hart, “Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2008”, [DVD]. Remond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, © 1997 – 2007, 2008.
[9]	Cheesbrough, M., “Water Related Disease and Testing of Water Supply, In: District La-boratory Practice in Tropical Countries”, Part Two, 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press; Pp. 143 – 157, 2010.
[10]	Philip, Mathews, “Water is Special about Water, In: Advance Chemistry”, Cambridge University Press, U.K, Low Price Edition; Pp. 558 – 568, 2004.
[11]	Shmueli, Deborah F., “Water Quality in International River Basin, Political Geography” 18: Pp 437 – 476, 1999.
[12]	Stroud, K.A and Booth, D.J., “Statistical Package, Engineering Mathematics”, WWW. Palgrave.Com / Stroud Palgrave, GB, London, 5th Edition; 1130 – 1139, 2001.
[13]	Wikipedia, “Drinking Water Quality Standard, Wikipedia Encyclopaedia”, Pp 1 – 4, 2013.
[14]	World Health Organisation, “Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality”, 3rd Edition, Volume 1; Pp. 34 – 78, 2004.
[15]	World Health Organisation, “Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality”, 4rd Edition, Volume 1; Pp. 23 – 30, 2011.

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APA Style

Gwana, A. M., Bako, M. M., Auwal, et al. (2014). Physico - Microbiological and Chemical Examination of Domestic Water Used by the College of Agriculture Community, Maiduguri, North– Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 2(4), 63-68. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.11

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ACS Style

Gwana; A. M.; Bako; M. M.; Auwal, et al. Physico - Microbiological and Chemical Examination of Domestic Water Used by the College of Agriculture Community, Maiduguri, North– Eastern Nigeria. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Soc. 2014, 2(4), 63-68. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.11

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AMA Style

Gwana, A. M., Bako, M. M., Auwal, et al. Physico - Microbiological and Chemical Examination of Domestic Water Used by the College of Agriculture Community, Maiduguri, North– Eastern Nigeria. Int J Sci Technol Soc. 2014;2(4):63-68. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.11,
  author = {Gwana and A. M. and Bako and M. M. and Auwal and M. S. and Bagudu and B. Y. and Kadai and K. I. and Sadiq and A. B. and Halima and M. B.},
  title = {Physico - Microbiological and Chemical Examination of Domestic Water Used by the College of Agriculture Community, Maiduguri, North– Eastern Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Science, Technology and Society},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {63-68},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsts.20140204.11},
  abstract = {This study was conducted on physico – microbiological and chemical examination of domestic water used by the community, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, North – Eastern Nigeria. 200mls of water samples were randomly collected from seven stations. Methods been applied are physical, microbiological and chemical techniques as described by Cheesbrough, (2010) and AOAC, (1990). Physical parametric values were obtained and falls within the W.H.O. recommended standard values, except one station, in term of turbidity. Presumption coliform count, confirmatory total coliform test, plate count yielded Coliform and Escherichia coli count which exceeded therecommended values. Aerobicmesophilic bacterial count was performed, and met the recommended values limit for safe drinking water. No parasites found from examinat-ion of the water sampled. Elements determined in the water sampled exceeded the W.H.O recommended standard values; chromium in stations E (0.06 mg/l), lead (0.02 mg/l) and G (0.06 mg/l), manganese in stations A (0.25 mg/l), B (0.17 mg/l) and G (0.13 mg/l), which make the water unwholesome for consumption. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis, found significance. Conclusively, water used by this community is found fit for consumption in terms of both physical and parasites free, but, unfit in terms of faecal and some chemicals contamination. Government, NGOs or any authority concerned should assist and build more bore holes with PVC pipes for safe water distributions, communities should be enlightened on the sanitary measures, safe drinking water and it hygienic purification.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Physico - Microbiological and Chemical Examination of Domestic Water Used by the College of Agriculture Community, Maiduguri, North– Eastern Nigeria
AU - Gwana
AU - A. M.
AU - Bako
AU - M. M.
AU - Auwal
AU - M. S.
AU - Bagudu
AU - B. Y.
AU - Kadai
AU - K. I.
AU - Sadiq
AU - A. B.
AU - Halima
AU - M. B.
Y1 - 2014/06/20
PY - 2014
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.11
T2 - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
JF - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
JO - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
SP - 63
EP - 68
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-7420
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.11
AB - This study was conducted on physico – microbiological and chemical examination of domestic water used by the community, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, North – Eastern Nigeria. 200mls of water samples were randomly collected from seven stations. Methods been applied are physical, microbiological and chemical techniques as described by Cheesbrough, (2010) and AOAC, (1990). Physical parametric values were obtained and falls within the W.H.O. recommended standard values, except one station, in term of turbidity. Presumption coliform count, confirmatory total coliform test, plate count yielded Coliform and Escherichia coli count which exceeded therecommended values. Aerobicmesophilic bacterial count was performed, and met the recommended values limit for safe drinking water. No parasites found from examinat-ion of the water sampled. Elements determined in the water sampled exceeded the W.H.O recommended standard values; chromium in stations E (0.06 mg/l), lead (0.02 mg/l) and G (0.06 mg/l), manganese in stations A (0.25 mg/l), B (0.17 mg/l) and G (0.13 mg/l), which make the water unwholesome for consumption. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis, found significance. Conclusively, water used by this community is found fit for consumption in terms of both physical and parasites free, but, unfit in terms of faecal and some chemicals contamination. Government, NGOs or any authority concerned should assist and build more bore holes with PVC pipes for safe water distributions, communities should be enlightened on the sanitary measures, safe drinking water and it hygienic purification.
VL - 2
IS - 4
ER -

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Author Information

Gwana
A. M.
Bako
M. M.
Auwal
M. S.
Bagudu
B. Y.
Kadai
K. I.
Sadiq
A. B.
Halima
M. B.

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APA Style

Gwana, A. M., Bako, M. M., Auwal, et al. (2014). Physico - Microbiological and Chemical Examination of Domestic Water Used by the College of Agriculture Community, Maiduguri, North– Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 2(4), 63-68. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.11

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ACS Style

Gwana; A. M.; Bako; M. M.; Auwal, et al. Physico - Microbiological and Chemical Examination of Domestic Water Used by the College of Agriculture Community, Maiduguri, North– Eastern Nigeria. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Soc. 2014, 2(4), 63-68. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.11

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AMA Style

Gwana, A. M., Bako, M. M., Auwal, et al. Physico - Microbiological and Chemical Examination of Domestic Water Used by the College of Agriculture Community, Maiduguri, North– Eastern Nigeria. Int J Sci Technol Soc. 2014;2(4):63-68. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.11,
  author = {Gwana and A. M. and Bako and M. M. and Auwal and M. S. and Bagudu and B. Y. and Kadai and K. I. and Sadiq and A. B. and Halima and M. B.},
  title = {Physico - Microbiological and Chemical Examination of Domestic Water Used by the College of Agriculture Community, Maiduguri, North– Eastern Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Science, Technology and Society},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {63-68},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20140204.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsts.20140204.11},
  abstract = {This study was conducted on physico – microbiological and chemical examination of domestic water used by the community, College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, North – Eastern Nigeria. 200mls of water samples were randomly collected from seven stations. Methods been applied are physical, microbiological and chemical techniques as described by Cheesbrough, (2010) and AOAC, (1990). Physical parametric values were obtained and falls within the W.H.O. recommended standard values, except one station, in term of turbidity. Presumption coliform count, confirmatory total coliform test, plate count yielded Coliform and Escherichia coli count which exceeded therecommended values. Aerobicmesophilic bacterial count was performed, and met the recommended values limit for safe drinking water. No parasites found from examinat-ion of the water sampled. Elements determined in the water sampled exceeded the W.H.O recommended standard values; chromium in stations E (0.06 mg/l), lead (0.02 mg/l) and G (0.06 mg/l), manganese in stations A (0.25 mg/l), B (0.17 mg/l) and G (0.13 mg/l), which make the water unwholesome for consumption. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis, found significance. Conclusively, water used by this community is found fit for consumption in terms of both physical and parasites free, but, unfit in terms of faecal and some chemicals contamination. Government, NGOs or any authority concerned should assist and build more bore holes with PVC pipes for safe water distributions, communities should be enlightened on the sanitary measures, safe drinking water and it hygienic purification.},
 year = {2014}
}

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