Preparation of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) by Steam Activation Using Response Surface Methodology

Sharifah Aishah Syed A. Kadir; Sharmeela Matali; Nor Fadilah Mohamad; Noor Hidayu Abdul Rani

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15

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Preparation of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) by Steam Activation Using Response Surface Methodology

Sharifah Aishah Syed A. Kadir, Sharmeela Matali, Nor Fadilah Mohamad, Noor Hidayu Abdul Rani

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 3, Issue 5)

Received: 4 August 2014 Accepted: 21 August 2014 Published: 20 September 2014

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Abstract

This paper aims to find the optimum conditions for preparation of activated carbon from empty fruit bunch (EFB) using physical steam activation by applying response surface methodology (RSM) with maximizing the BET surface area. The main process variables for this study were activation temperature and activation time and quadratic model was developed for a BET surface area which was selected as the investigated response. According to the RSM tool, the optimum conditions that were obtained from this study are at an activation temperature of 764.5oC and activation time of 77 min which give the maximum of BET surface area; 717.6 m2/g. Based on this optimum condition, the experimental value of BET surface area is 720.0 m2/g and is found to agree adequately with that (717.6 m2/g) predicted from the model.

Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15
Page(s)	159-163
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches, Steam Activation, Activated Carbon, Response Surface Methodology, BET Surface Area

References

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[2]	A. Arami-Niya, W. M. A. Wan Daud, F. S. Mjalli, F. Abnisa, and M. S. Shafeeyan, "Production of microporous palm shell based activated carbon for methane adsorption: Modeling and optimization using response surface methodology," Chemical Engineering Research and Design, vol. 90, pp. 776-784, 2012.
[3]	E. Kusrini, A. Seyopratiwi, and U. M. Yahya, "Preparation of Selenium-doped Activated Carbon and Its Utilization for Improving the Qualtiy of Used Coconut Oil," Journal of Physical Science vol. 18, pp. 11-21, 2007.
[4]	O. Ioannidou and A. Zabaniotou, "Agricultural residues as precursors for activated carbon production—A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 11, pp. 1966-2005, 2007.
[5]	W. Tongpoothorn, M. Sriuttha, P. Homchan, S. Chanthai, and C. Ruangviriyachai, "Preparation of activated carbon derived from Jatropha curcas fruit shell by simple thermo-chemical activation and characterization of their physico-chemical properties," Chemical Engineering Research and Design, vol. 89, pp. 335-340, 2011.
[6]	Z. Q. Tan, J. Xiang, S. Su, H. C. Zeng, C. S. Zhou, L. S. Sun, S. Hu, and J. R. Qiu, "Enhanced capture of elemental mercury by bamboo-based sorbents," Journal of hazardous materials, vol. 239, pp. 160-166, Nov 2012.
[7]	A. Baçaoui, A. Yaacoubi, A. Dahbi, C. Bennouna, R. Phan Tan Luu, F. J. Maldonado-Hodar, J. Rivera-Utrilla, and C. Moreno-Castilla, "Optimization of conditions for the preparation of activated carbons from olive-waste cakes," Carbon, vol. 39, pp. 425-432, 2001.
[8]	M. A. Jamaluddin, K. Ismail, M. A. Mohd Ishak, Z. Ab Ghani, M. F. Abdullah, M. T.-u. Safian, S. S. Idris, S. Tahiruddin, M. F. Mohammed Yunus, and N. I. N. Mohd Hakimi, "Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of palm kernel shell: Optimization using response surface methodology (RSM)," Renewable Energy, vol. 55, pp. 357-365, 2013.
[9]	B. H. Hameed, I. A. W. Tan, and A. L. Ahmad, "Optimization of basic dye removal by oil palm fibre-based activated carbon using response surface methodology," Journal of hazardous materials, vol. 158, pp. 324-332, 2008.
[10]	M. Asadullah, M. A. Rahman, A. Motin, and M. B. Sultan, "Adsorption Studies on Activated Carbon Derived from Steam Activation of Jute Stick Char," surface science and technology, vol. 23, pp. 73-80, 2007.
[11]	T. Vitidsant, T. Suravattanasakul, and S. Damronglerd, "Production of Activated Carbon from Palm-oil Shell by Pyrolysis and Steam Activation in a Fixed Bed Reactor," ScienceAsia, vol. 25, pp. 211-222, 1999.
[12]	Allwar, "Characteristics of micro- and mesoporous structure and surface chemistry of activated carbons produced by oil palm shell," presented at the International Conference on Chemical, Ecology and Environmental Science (ICEES'2012), Bangkok, 2012.
[13]	S. A. Muyibi, N. Kamaldin, and J. Gombak, "Production Of activated carbon from oil palm empty fruit bunches for removal of zinc," presented at the Twelfth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC12, Alexandria, Egypt, 2008.
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APA Style

Sharifah Aishah Syed A. Kadir, Sharmeela Matali, Nor Fadilah Mohamad, Noor Hidayu Abdul Rani. (2014). Preparation of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) by Steam Activation Using Response Surface Methodology. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 3(5), 159-163. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15

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ACS Style

Sharifah Aishah Syed A. Kadir; Sharmeela Matali; Nor Fadilah Mohamad; Noor Hidayu Abdul Rani. Preparation of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) by Steam Activation Using Response Surface Methodology. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2014, 3(5), 159-163. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15

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AMA Style

Sharifah Aishah Syed A. Kadir, Sharmeela Matali, Nor Fadilah Mohamad, Noor Hidayu Abdul Rani. Preparation of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) by Steam Activation Using Response Surface Methodology. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2014;3(5):159-163. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15,
  author = {Sharifah Aishah Syed A. Kadir and Sharmeela Matali and Nor Fadilah Mohamad and Noor Hidayu Abdul Rani},
  title = {Preparation of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) by Steam Activation Using Response Surface Methodology},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {159-163},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20140305.15},
  abstract = {This paper aims to find the optimum conditions for preparation of activated carbon from empty fruit bunch (EFB) using physical steam activation by applying response surface methodology (RSM) with maximizing the BET surface area. The main process variables for this study were activation temperature and activation time and quadratic model was developed for a BET surface area which was selected as the investigated response. According to the RSM tool, the optimum conditions that were obtained from this study are at an activation temperature of 764.5oC and activation time of 77 min which give the maximum of BET surface area; 717.6 m2/g. Based on this optimum condition, the experimental value of BET surface area is 720.0 m2/g and is found to agree adequately with that (717.6 m2/g) predicted from the model.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Preparation of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) by Steam Activation Using Response Surface Methodology
AU  - Sharifah Aishah Syed A. Kadir
AU  - Sharmeela Matali
AU  - Nor Fadilah Mohamad
AU  - Noor Hidayu Abdul Rani
Y1  - 2014/09/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 159
EP  - 163
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15
AB  - This paper aims to find the optimum conditions for preparation of activated carbon from empty fruit bunch (EFB) using physical steam activation by applying response surface methodology (RSM) with maximizing the BET surface area. The main process variables for this study were activation temperature and activation time and quadratic model was developed for a BET surface area which was selected as the investigated response. According to the RSM tool, the optimum conditions that were obtained from this study are at an activation temperature of 764.5oC and activation time of 77 min which give the maximum of BET surface area; 717.6 m2/g. Based on this optimum condition, the experimental value of BET surface area is 720.0 m2/g and is found to agree adequately with that (717.6 m2/g) predicted from the model.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Sharifah Aishah Syed A. Kadir

Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Sharmeela Matali

Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Nor Fadilah Mohamad

Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Noor Hidayu Abdul Rani

Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Sharifah Aishah Syed A. Kadir, Sharmeela Matali, Nor Fadilah Mohamad, Noor Hidayu Abdul Rani. (2014). Preparation of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) by Steam Activation Using Response Surface Methodology. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 3(5), 159-163. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15

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ACS Style

Sharifah Aishah Syed A. Kadir; Sharmeela Matali; Nor Fadilah Mohamad; Noor Hidayu Abdul Rani. Preparation of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) by Steam Activation Using Response Surface Methodology. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2014, 3(5), 159-163. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15

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AMA Style

Sharifah Aishah Syed A. Kadir, Sharmeela Matali, Nor Fadilah Mohamad, Noor Hidayu Abdul Rani. Preparation of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) by Steam Activation Using Response Surface Methodology. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2014;3(5):159-163. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15,
  author = {Sharifah Aishah Syed A. Kadir and Sharmeela Matali and Nor Fadilah Mohamad and Noor Hidayu Abdul Rani},
  title = {Preparation of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) by Steam Activation Using Response Surface Methodology},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {159-163},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20140305.15},
  abstract = {This paper aims to find the optimum conditions for preparation of activated carbon from empty fruit bunch (EFB) using physical steam activation by applying response surface methodology (RSM) with maximizing the BET surface area. The main process variables for this study were activation temperature and activation time and quadratic model was developed for a BET surface area which was selected as the investigated response. According to the RSM tool, the optimum conditions that were obtained from this study are at an activation temperature of 764.5oC and activation time of 77 min which give the maximum of BET surface area; 717.6 m2/g. Based on this optimum condition, the experimental value of BET surface area is 720.0 m2/g and is found to agree adequately with that (717.6 m2/g) predicted from the model.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Preparation of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) by Steam Activation Using Response Surface Methodology
AU  - Sharifah Aishah Syed A. Kadir
AU  - Sharmeela Matali
AU  - Nor Fadilah Mohamad
AU  - Noor Hidayu Abdul Rani
Y1  - 2014/09/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 159
EP  - 163
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20140305.15
AB  - This paper aims to find the optimum conditions for preparation of activated carbon from empty fruit bunch (EFB) using physical steam activation by applying response surface methodology (RSM) with maximizing the BET surface area. The main process variables for this study were activation temperature and activation time and quadratic model was developed for a BET surface area which was selected as the investigated response. According to the RSM tool, the optimum conditions that were obtained from this study are at an activation temperature of 764.5oC and activation time of 77 min which give the maximum of BET surface area; 717.6 m2/g. Based on this optimum condition, the experimental value of BET surface area is 720.0 m2/g and is found to agree adequately with that (717.6 m2/g) predicted from the model.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download