| Peer-Reviewed

Alcoholic Beverage Use Among Somali Youth Living in Eastleigh, an Urban Suburb in Nairobi, Kenya

Received: 5 September 2018     Accepted: 14 September 2018     Published: 21 March 2019
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Background: Harmful use of alcohol causes a large disease, social and economic burden to societies. Alcohol use is the third largest disease risk factor for deaths among youths between 15-29 years that contribute to 4% of the global burden of disease. Eastleigh also is known as “Little Mogadishu” is a suburb in Nairobi that is mostly inhabited by both Somali Community from Kenya and majorly from migrations from Somalia. It hosts about 30,000 Somali refugees and characterized by extremes of wealth and poverty. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of alcohol use and the patterns of use among Somali Youth living in Easteigh suburb in Nairobi. Method: This is an exploratory cross-sectional study among youth aged between 18-25 years of age that used a face-to-face interview. Results: Findings indicated a high prevalence among those who are male, of younger age, with married parents, born in Eastleigh, with lower educational level, the singles, the unemployed and those with high family income. Alcohol use is comorbid with other licit psychoactive substances that include tobacco products, miraa and shisha. Conclusion: These participants have relatively high alcohol use that is comorbid with other licit psychoactive substances. Recommendations include further studies to be done in this community using standardized instruments to cover a larger area and interventions to target younger youth of below 15 years of age and policy on treatment of young people with mental disorders to include substance abuse as well.

Published in European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ejpm.20190701.15
Page(s) 23-28
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Psychoactive Substance, Alcoholic Beverages, Licit Substances, Somali Community

References
[1] World Health Organization, (2014). Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health, 2014. WHO, Geneva.
[2] Rehm, J., Mathers, C., Poopova, S., Thavomcharoensap, M., Teerawattananon, Y. & Patra, J. (2009). Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet; 373(9682): 2223-2233. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60746-7.
[3] World Health Organization. (2011). Global Status report on Alcohol and Health, Geneva, WHO.
[4] Zarridze, D., Brennan, P., Boreham, J., Boroda, A., Karpor, R., Lazarev, A. et al. (2009). Alcohol and cause-specific mortality in Russia: a retrospective case–control study of 48 557 adult deaths. The Lancet; 373(9682): 2201-2214. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61034-5.
[5] Arain, M., Haque, M., Johal, L., Mathur, P., Nel, P., Rais, A. (2013). Maturation of the adolescent brain. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment; 9: 449-461. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S39776.
[6] Welch, (2013). Perceptual Modification Adapting to Altered Sensory Environments. Academic Press Inc. A subsidiary of Harcourt Bruce Jovanovich Publishers.
[7] Betts, A and P Collier. (2016), Refuge: transforming a broken refugee system, Penguin Books.
[8] Im, H., Ferguson, A. B., & Warsame, A. H. (2017). Mental health risks and stressors faced by urban refugees: Perceived impacts of war and community adversities among Somali refugees in Nairobi. International Journal of Social Psychiatry; 63(8): 683-693. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764017728966.
[9] Cambell, E. H. (2006). Urban Refugees in Nairobi: Problems of Protection, Mechanisms of Survival, and Possibilities for Integration. Journal of Refugee Studies; 19(3): 396-413. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fel011.
[10] Pavanello, S., Elhawary, S., & Pantuliano, S. (2010). Hidden and exposed: Urban refugees in Nairobi, Kenya. HPG working paper. London: Overseas Development Institute.
[11] Finns, M., Momani, B., Opatowskim M., Opondo M. (2016). Youth Evaluations of CUE/PUE Programing in Kenya Context, Journal for Deradicalization, 17.
[12] Kish, L. (1965). Survey Sampling Wiley, New York.
[13] Francis, J. M., Grosskurth, H., Changalucha, J., Kapiga, S. H., & Weiss, H. (2014). Systematic review and meta-analysis: prevalence of alcohol use among young people in eastern Africa. Tropical Medicine and International Health; 19(4): 476-488. https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12267.
[14] Chekwujekwu, C. D. (2017). Psychoactive Substance Use Among Nigerian Students; Patterns and Sociodemographic Correlates. American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 2017; 5(2): 22-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20170502.13.
[15] Dawson, D. A., Grant, B., F., Stinson, F. S., & Chou, P. (2015). Another look at heavy episodic drinking and alcohol use disorders among college and non-college youth. Journal of Studies in Alcohol; 65(4): 477-488. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2004.65.477.
[16] Salama, E., Niemela, S., Suvisaari, J., Laatkainen, T., Koponen, P. & Castaneda, A. E. (2018). The prevalence of substance use among Russian, Somali and Kurdish migrants in Finland: a population-based study. BMC Public Health; 18: 651. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5564-9.
[17] National Authority for the Campaign against Alcohol and Drug Use (NACADA). (2012). Rapid Situational Assessment of the Status of Drug and Substance Abuse in Kenya, 2012, The Government of Kenya NACADA.
[18] Jiang, H., Xiang, X., Hao, W., Room, R., Zhang, X., & Wang, X. (2018). Measuring and preventing alcohol use and related harm among young people in Asian countries: a thematic review. Global Health Research and Policy; 3: 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-018-0070-2.
[19] Macinko, J., Mullachery, P, Silver, D., Jimenez, G., & Neto, O. L. M. (2015). Patterns of Alcohol Consumption and Related Behaviors in Brazil: Evidence from the 2013 National Health Survey (PNS 2013). PLOS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134153.
[20] Evans, E. A., Upchurch, D. M., Simpson, T., Hamilton, A. B., Hoggatt, K. J. (2018). Differences by Veteran/civilian status and gender in associations between childhood adversity and alcohol and drug use disorders. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology; 53(4): 421-435.
[21] Verenkar, Y. J. & Vaz, F. S. (2018). Prevalence and pattern of alcohol consumption using alcohol use disorder identification test among students at a medical college in Goa, India. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health; 5(6): DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182626.
[22] Kelleher, K., Chaffin, M., Hollenberg, J. & Fischer, E. (2011). Alcohol and drug disorders among physically abusive and neglectful parents in a community-based sample. American Journal of Public Health. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.84.10.1586.
[23] Lerner, R. M., & Ohannessian, C. M. (1999). Risks and Problem Behavious in Adolescence, (6th Edition). Tufs University, Routledge, New Yotk and London.
[24] Comulada, W. S., Swendeman, D., & Wu, N. (2016). Cell phone-based ecological momentary assessment of substance use context for Latino youth in outpatient treatment: Who, what, when and where. Drug and Alcohol dependence; 167: 207-213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.623.
[25] Areba, E. M., Eisenberg, M. E., & McMorris, B. J. (2017). Relationships between family structure, adolescent health status and substance use: Does ethnicity matter? Journal of Community Psychology; 46a91): 44-57. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21915.
[26] Dawson, D. A., Grant, B., F., Stinson, F. S., & Chou, P. (2015). Another look at heavy episodic drinking and alcohol use disorders among college and non-college youth. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 65(4), 477–488 (2004). https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2004.65.477.
[27] Toftdahl, N. G., Nordentoft, M. & Hjothoj, C. (2016). Prevalence of substance use disorders in psychiatric patients: a nationwide Danish population-based study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology; 51(1): 129-140.
[28] Jenkins, R., Othieno, C., Ongeri, L., Kiima, D., Sifuna, P., Kiangora, J. et al,. (2015). Alcohol consumption and hazardous drinking in western Kenya—a household survey in a health and demographic surveillance site. BMC Psychiatry; 15: 230. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0603-x.
[29] Johnson, M. K. (2004). Further Evidence on Adolescent Employment and Substance Use: Differences by Race and Ethnicity. Journal of Health and Social Behavior https://doi.org/10.1177/002214650404500205.
[30] Torrikkha, A., Kaltiala-Heino, R., Luukkhaala, T. & Rimpda, A. (2017). Trends in Alcohol Use among Adolescents from 2000 to 2011: The Role of Socioeconomic Status and Depression. Alcohol & Acoholism; 52(1); 95-103. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agw048..
[31] Sinha, N. (2017). Impact of Family or Social Factors on Substance Abusers among Youth. The International Journal of Indian Psychology; 4(3): DIP:18.01.248/20170403.
[32] Francis, J. M., Grosskurth, H., Changalucha, J., Kapiga, S. H., & Weiss, H. (2014). Systematic review and meta-analysis: prevalence of alcohol use among young people in eastern Africa. Tropical Medicine and International Health; 19(4): 476-488. https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12267.
[33] Marshall, E.J., (2014). Adolescent Alcohol Use: Risks and Consequences. Alcohol and Alcoholism; 49(2): 160-164. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agt180.
[34] Kelly, A. B., Evans-Whipp, T. J., Smith, R., Chan, G. G. K., Toumbourou, J. W., Patton, G. C., Hempill, S. A., Hall, W. D., & Catalano, R. F. (2014). A longitudinal study of the association of adolescent polydrug use, alcohol use and high school non-completion. Addiction; 110(4): 627-635. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12829.
[35] Weinberger, A. H. Gbedemah, M., and Renee D. Goodwin, R. D. (2015). Cigarette smoking quit rates among adults with and without alcohol use disorders and heavy alcohol use, 2002–2015: A representative sample of the United States population, Drug and Alcohol Dependence; 180, (204). https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.12840.
[36] Horyniak, D., Melo, J. S., Farrell, R. S., Ojeda, V. D., & Strathdee, S. A. (2016). Epidemiology of Substance Use among Forced Migrants: A Global Systematic Review. PLOS/ONE; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159134.
[37] Conway, K. P., Sendsen, J., Husky, M. M., & Merikangas, R. (2016). Association of Lifetime Mental Disorders and Subsequent Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey–Adolescent Supplement. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; 55(4): 280-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.01.006.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Abdi Aden Korio, Eunice Jemalel Nyavanga. (2019). Alcoholic Beverage Use Among Somali Youth Living in Eastleigh, an Urban Suburb in Nairobi, Kenya. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 7(1), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20190701.15

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Abdi Aden Korio; Eunice Jemalel Nyavanga. Alcoholic Beverage Use Among Somali Youth Living in Eastleigh, an Urban Suburb in Nairobi, Kenya. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2019, 7(1), 23-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20190701.15

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Abdi Aden Korio, Eunice Jemalel Nyavanga. Alcoholic Beverage Use Among Somali Youth Living in Eastleigh, an Urban Suburb in Nairobi, Kenya. Eur J Prev Med. 2019;7(1):23-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20190701.15

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20190701.15,
      author = {Abdi Aden Korio and Eunice Jemalel Nyavanga},
      title = {Alcoholic Beverage Use Among Somali Youth Living in Eastleigh, an Urban Suburb in Nairobi, Kenya},
      journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
      volume = {7},
      number = {1},
      pages = {23-28},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20190701.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20190701.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20190701.15},
      abstract = {Background: Harmful use of alcohol causes a large disease, social and economic burden to societies. Alcohol use is the third largest disease risk factor for deaths among youths between 15-29 years that contribute to 4% of the global burden of disease. Eastleigh also is known as “Little Mogadishu” is a suburb in Nairobi that is mostly inhabited by both Somali Community from Kenya and majorly from migrations from Somalia. It hosts about 30,000 Somali refugees and characterized by extremes of wealth and poverty. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of alcohol use and the patterns of use among Somali Youth living in Easteigh suburb in Nairobi. Method: This is an exploratory cross-sectional study among youth aged between 18-25 years of age that used a face-to-face interview. Results: Findings indicated a high prevalence among those who are male, of younger age, with married parents, born in Eastleigh, with lower educational level, the singles, the unemployed and those with high family income. Alcohol use is comorbid with other licit psychoactive substances that include tobacco products, miraa and shisha. Conclusion: These participants have relatively high alcohol use that is comorbid with other licit psychoactive substances. Recommendations include further studies to be done in this community using standardized instruments to cover a larger area and interventions to target younger youth of below 15 years of age and policy on treatment of young people with mental disorders to include substance abuse as well.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Alcoholic Beverage Use Among Somali Youth Living in Eastleigh, an Urban Suburb in Nairobi, Kenya
    AU  - Abdi Aden Korio
    AU  - Eunice Jemalel Nyavanga
    Y1  - 2019/03/21
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20190701.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20190701.15
    T2  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    JF  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    JO  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    SP  - 23
    EP  - 28
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8230
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20190701.15
    AB  - Background: Harmful use of alcohol causes a large disease, social and economic burden to societies. Alcohol use is the third largest disease risk factor for deaths among youths between 15-29 years that contribute to 4% of the global burden of disease. Eastleigh also is known as “Little Mogadishu” is a suburb in Nairobi that is mostly inhabited by both Somali Community from Kenya and majorly from migrations from Somalia. It hosts about 30,000 Somali refugees and characterized by extremes of wealth and poverty. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of alcohol use and the patterns of use among Somali Youth living in Easteigh suburb in Nairobi. Method: This is an exploratory cross-sectional study among youth aged between 18-25 years of age that used a face-to-face interview. Results: Findings indicated a high prevalence among those who are male, of younger age, with married parents, born in Eastleigh, with lower educational level, the singles, the unemployed and those with high family income. Alcohol use is comorbid with other licit psychoactive substances that include tobacco products, miraa and shisha. Conclusion: These participants have relatively high alcohol use that is comorbid with other licit psychoactive substances. Recommendations include further studies to be done in this community using standardized instruments to cover a larger area and interventions to target younger youth of below 15 years of age and policy on treatment of young people with mental disorders to include substance abuse as well.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Public Health, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Kenya Methodist University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya

  • Department of Public Health, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Kenya Methodist University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya

  • Sections