| Peer-Reviewed

Impact of Malnutrition and Measles Mortality on Underfives All-Cause Mortality in Gweru City, Zimbabwe, in 1960-89

Received: 30 November 2015     Accepted: 10 December 2015     Published: 30 December 2015
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

A study was carried out to determine secular changes in all-cause mortality rates for children aged < 5 years in 1960-1989 and their association with measles and malnutrition mortality rates in the same age group in the same period in city of Gweru, Zimbabwe. The study utilized under-fives mortality data from births and deaths registration office and measles and malnutrition surveillance data obtained from Gweru city’s public health department. Data was analysed in SPSS version 20 for windows and linear regression analysis was used to determine whether measles and malnutrition mortality rates were independent predictors of all-cause underfives mortality rates. It was found that in 1960-1989 underfives mortality rates from all causes were 10.2-63.7/1000 live births (median: 28.7, Q1 = 16.2, Q3 = 42.6) and these rates significantly and linearly declined in this period (χ2 for linear trend=165.74, p < 0.001). Measles mortality rates among underfives significantly and linearly declined (χ2 for linear trend = 812.49, p<0.001) while malnutrition mortality rates in the same age group also significantly and linearly declined (X2 for linear trend = 2411.54, p<0.001) in underfives in 1960-1989. Linear regression analysis indicated that malnutrition mortality rates (Regression Coefficient = 0.072, 95% CI = 0.039 - 0.104, p < 0.001) and measles mortality rates (Regression Coefficient = 0.029, 95% CI = 0.006-0.052, p=0.02) were independent predictors of all-cause underfives mortality rates with an adjusted coefficient of determination of 70.5% (Adjusted R2 = 0.7048) with malnutrition mortality rates uniquely explaining 21% of the variance in all-cause mortality (semipartial correlation squared = 0.21) while measles mortality rates uniquely explained 7% of the variance in all-cause mortality rates (semipartial correlation squared =0.068). It was concluded that decline in malnutrition and measles mortality rates among underfives significantly contributed to decline in all-cause underfives mortality rates in 1960-89 in Gweru city, Zimbabwe. On account of these findings, it is critical that efforts directed at controlling malnutrition and measles be intensified in areas and populations of similar settings.

Published in European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 3, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ejpm.20150306.19
Page(s) 209-212
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Underfives All-Cause Mortality, Measles, Malnutrition, Gweru, Zimbabwe

References
[1] Caulfield LE, de Onis M, Blossner M, Black RE. Undernutrition as an underlying cause of child deaths associated with diarrhoea, pneumonia, malaria, and measles. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80 (1): 193-8.
[2] Pelletier DL, Frongillo EA, Jr., Habicht JP. Epidemiologic evidence for a potentiating effect of malnutrition on child mortality. Am J Public Health 1993; 83 (8): 1130-3.
[3] Van den Ent MM, Brown DW, Hoekstra EJ, Christie A, Cochi SL. Measles mortality reduction contributes substantially to reduction of all-cause mortality among children less than five years of age, 1990-2008. J Infect Dis 2011; 204 Suppl 1: S18-23.
[4] Pelletier DL, Frongillo EA, Jr., Schroeder DG, Habicht JP. The effects of malnutrition on child mortality in developing countries Bull World Health Organ 1995; 73 (4): 443-8.
[5] Lopez AD, Begg S, Bos E. Demographic and Epidemiological Characteristics of Major Regions, 1990-2001. In: Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, et al, editors. Global burden of disease and risk factors. New York, NY, Oxford University Press, 2006.
[6] Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL, Lawn JE, Rudan I, Bassani DG, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2010; 375 (9730): 1969-87.
[7] Hill K, Pande R, Mahy M, Jones G. Trends in child mortality in the developing world: 1960-1996. New York: UNICEF; 1999.
[8] Hill K, Amouzou A. Trends in Child Mortality, 1960 to 2000. In: Jamison DT, Feachem RG, Makgoba MW, et al, editors. Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. 2nd ed. Washington (DC), World Bank, 2006.
[9] Hill K, Pande R, Mahy M, Jones G. Trends in Under-Five Mortality 1960-1990: Estimates for 84 Developing Countries. Washington, DC: World Bank; 1994.
[10] Roll Back Malaria, UNICEF and World Health Organisation. World Malaria Report 2005: Available: http://www.rollbackmalaria.org/files/files/resources/WMReport_lr.pdf [Accessed 08 December 2015].
[11] Central Statistical Office [Zimbabwe] and Macro International Inc (2002). Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey 1999 Calverton, Maryland.
[12] Marufu T, Siziya S, Mudambo KS. Factors associated with secular trends in mortality attributed to measles in Gweru, Zimbabwe, in 1967-89. J Trop Pediatr 2008; 54 (2): 114-9.
[13] Black RE, Morris SS, Bryce J. Where and why are 10 million children dying every year? Lancet 2003; 361 (9376): 2226-34.
[14] Bryce J, Boschi-Pinto C, Shibuya K, Black RE. WHO estimates of the causes of death in children. Lancet 2005; 365 (9465): 1147-52.
[15] Amouzou A, Hill K. Child Mortality and Socio-economic Status in Sub-Saharan Africa. Etude De La Population Africaine 2004; 19: 1-11.
[16] Rice AL, Sacco L, Hyder A, Black RE. Malnutrition as an underlying cause of childhood deaths associated with infectious diseases in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78 (10): 1207-21.
[17] Schroeder DG, Brown KH. Nutritional status as a predictor of child survival: summarizing the association and quantifying its global impact. Bull World Health Organ 1994; 72 (4): 569-79.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Tawanda Marufu, Seter Siziya, Willard Tinago. (2015). Impact of Malnutrition and Measles Mortality on Underfives All-Cause Mortality in Gweru City, Zimbabwe, in 1960-89. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 3(6), 209-212. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20150306.19

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Tawanda Marufu; Seter Siziya; Willard Tinago. Impact of Malnutrition and Measles Mortality on Underfives All-Cause Mortality in Gweru City, Zimbabwe, in 1960-89. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2015, 3(6), 209-212. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20150306.19

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Tawanda Marufu, Seter Siziya, Willard Tinago. Impact of Malnutrition and Measles Mortality on Underfives All-Cause Mortality in Gweru City, Zimbabwe, in 1960-89. Eur J Prev Med. 2015;3(6):209-212. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20150306.19

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20150306.19,
      author = {Tawanda Marufu and Seter Siziya and Willard Tinago},
      title = {Impact of Malnutrition and Measles Mortality on Underfives All-Cause Mortality in Gweru City, Zimbabwe, in 1960-89},
      journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
      volume = {3},
      number = {6},
      pages = {209-212},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20150306.19},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20150306.19},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20150306.19},
      abstract = {A study was carried out to determine secular changes in all-cause mortality rates for children aged 1 = 16.2, Q3 = 42.6) and these rates significantly and linearly declined in this period (χ2 for linear trend=165.74, p 2 for linear trend = 812.49, p2 for linear trend = 2411.54, p2 = 0.7048) with malnutrition mortality rates uniquely explaining 21% of the variance in all-cause mortality (semipartial correlation squared = 0.21) while measles mortality rates uniquely explained 7% of the variance in all-cause mortality rates (semipartial correlation squared =0.068). It was concluded that decline in malnutrition and measles mortality rates among underfives significantly contributed to decline in all-cause underfives mortality rates in 1960-89 in Gweru city, Zimbabwe. On account of these findings, it is critical that efforts directed at controlling malnutrition and measles be intensified in areas and populations of similar settings.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Impact of Malnutrition and Measles Mortality on Underfives All-Cause Mortality in Gweru City, Zimbabwe, in 1960-89
    AU  - Tawanda Marufu
    AU  - Seter Siziya
    AU  - Willard Tinago
    Y1  - 2015/12/30
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20150306.19
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20150306.19
    T2  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    JF  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    JO  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    SP  - 209
    EP  - 212
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8230
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20150306.19
    AB  - A study was carried out to determine secular changes in all-cause mortality rates for children aged 1 = 16.2, Q3 = 42.6) and these rates significantly and linearly declined in this period (χ2 for linear trend=165.74, p 2 for linear trend = 812.49, p2 for linear trend = 2411.54, p2 = 0.7048) with malnutrition mortality rates uniquely explaining 21% of the variance in all-cause mortality (semipartial correlation squared = 0.21) while measles mortality rates uniquely explained 7% of the variance in all-cause mortality rates (semipartial correlation squared =0.068). It was concluded that decline in malnutrition and measles mortality rates among underfives significantly contributed to decline in all-cause underfives mortality rates in 1960-89 in Gweru city, Zimbabwe. On account of these findings, it is critical that efforts directed at controlling malnutrition and measles be intensified in areas and populations of similar settings.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe

  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Copperbelt University School of Medicine, Ndola, Zambia

  • Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe

  • Sections