Dynamics of Vaginal pH in the Bitch during Proestrus and Estrus

Anton Lazarinov Antonov; Julieta Dineva Dineva; Plamen Ivanchev Georgiev

doi:doi:10.11648/j.avs.20140204.13

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Dynamics of Vaginal pH in the Bitch during Proestrus and Estrus

Anton Lazarinov Antonov, Julieta Dineva Dineva, Plamen Ivanchev Georgiev

Published in Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 4)

Received: 12 June 2014 Accepted: 26 June 2014 Published: 30 June 2014

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of the pH of vaginal secretions during proestrus and estrus in bitches and its association with the optimal time for insemination and the values of steroid hormones. Sixteen bitches from different breeds and age were included in this investigation. Vaginal pH of each bitch was measured once daily, starting from the first day of vulval bleeding and continuing until the first day of cytological diestrus. In each bitch vaginal smears were taken to determine the onset of estrus and diestrus and blood samples were taken to determine serum progesterone (ng/ml) and estradiol-17β (pg/ml) for detection of the onset of ovulation and their influence on values and the dynamics of vaginal pH. Vaginal pH values in the bitches at the first day of proestrus were between 7.4 and 8.7. This parameter decreased with the progress of the proestrus and the entering into the estrus. Compared to the rest of the estrus, at the time of ovulation and on the next day, a consistent decrease of mean values (6.61±0.15 and 6.63±0.15 respectively) was observed (р<0,01). Individually at the time of ovulation vaginal pH ranged between 6.5 and 6.8. In the days following ovulation a gradual increase in mean values was detected. At the first day of diestrus vaginal pH values were measured significantly higher than those in estrus (р<0,001) and were between 7.4 and 8.3 (7.74±0.26). In our study we found that the vaginal pH values in the bitch are lowest at the time of ovulation, with individual variations and exceptions.

Published in	Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.avs.20140204.13
Page(s)	101-104
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bitch, Vagina, Ph, Progesterone, Estradiol

References

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[2]	C. De Oliveira, “Study of aerobic microflora and vaginal pH in healthy pubescent bitches (Canis familiaris) during the phases of the oestrus cycle; evaluation of the sensitivity to antimicrobial agents”, Thesis, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1991.
[3]	C. De Oliveira, E Da Costa and J. Da Silva, “The vaginal pH of healthy bitches during the oestrus cycle”, Revista Bra-sileira Med. Vet. 20, pp. 32-34, 1998.
[4]	A. Ross A., “Investigations in the female dog’s va-ginal aerobic flora and pH”, Dissertation, Berlin, 2005.
[5]	A. Schulz, “Evaluation of minimal-ly-invasive methods to observe the cycle of the bitch in heat”, Dissertation, Berlin, 2002.
[6]	B. Theise, “Unterstutzung zur Entwicklung eines computergestutzten Lernpro-gramms zu den Grundlagen der Gynakologie bei der Hundin“, Dissertation, 2002.
[7]	J. Ehlers, „Standardisierung und Reproduzierbarkeit der Vaginalzytologie bei der Hundin und ihr Einsatz bei der Bestimmung des optimalen Belegungszeitraumers“, Dissertation, Munchen, 2000.
[8]	S. Johnston and M. Root M., “Serum progesterone timing of ovulation in the bitch”, In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Society for Theriogenology, San Antonio, TX, September 13-15. Nashville, Society for Theriogenology, pp. 195-203, 1995.
[9]	M. El-Naggar and E. Bak-sai-Horvath, “The physical properties of the vaginal mucus of Hungarian cows during the oestrus cycle”, Acta. Vet. Acad. Sci. Hung. 21, pp. 21-29, 1971.
[10]	S. Schmitt, G. Mc Coy and C. Haus-ler, “Vaginal pH during the oestrus cycle of heifers”, J. Dairy Sci. 62 Suppl. 1, pp. 175-176, 1979.
[11]	G. Lewis and S. Newman, “Changes throughout estrus cycles of variables that might indicate estrus in dairy cows”, J. Dairy Sci., 67, pp. 146-152, 1984.
[12]	E. Schilling and W. Röstel, “Methodische Untersuchungen zur Brunstfeststellung beim Schwein”, Dtsch. Tierärztl. Wochenschr. 71 (16), pp. 429-436, 1964.
[13]	J. Honmode and S. Pachlag, “Time of ovulation and chloride content of vaginal mucus during oestrus in sheep”. Indian. J. Anim. Sci., 43 (2), pp. 136-140, 1973.
[14]	N. Kusakari, K. Kishi and M. Ohara, “Changes in the vulva, pH and weight of cervical mucus and vaginal smear of ewes during estrous cycle”, Bulletin of the Takikawa Animal Husbandry Experiment Station, 24, pp. 7-12, 1988.
[15]	K. Polak and W. Kammlade, “Vaginal pH during estrus in mares”, Theriogenology, 15 (3), pp. 271-276, 1981.
[16]	A. Antonov, R. Grancharova, J. Dineva and P. Georgiev, “Dynamics of vaginal electrical resistance in the bitch during proestrus and estrus”, Second Scientific Students Conference, Abstract book, p. 25, 2012.
[17]	J. Neill, “Knobil and Neill´s Physiology of Reproduction”, 3rd edition, p. 117, 2006.
[18]	S. Johnston, M. Kustritz and P. Olson, “Canine and feline Theriogenology” 2nd ed. W.B Saunders Company, p. 289, 2001.
[19]	R. Johnson, G. Mc Coy and C. Hausler, “Vaginal pH in hormone-treated ovarieectomized heifers” J. Dairy Sci. 1, p. 176, 1979.
[20]	P. Senger, “Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturition”, 2nd edition, 2003.

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Anton Lazarinov Antonov, Julieta Dineva Dineva, Plamen Ivanchev Georgiev. (2014). Dynamics of Vaginal pH in the Bitch during Proestrus and Estrus. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2(4), 101-104. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20140204.13

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ACS Style

Anton Lazarinov Antonov; Julieta Dineva Dineva; Plamen Ivanchev Georgiev. Dynamics of Vaginal pH in the Bitch during Proestrus and Estrus. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2014, 2(4), 101-104. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20140204.13

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AMA Style

Anton Lazarinov Antonov, Julieta Dineva Dineva, Plamen Ivanchev Georgiev. Dynamics of Vaginal pH in the Bitch during Proestrus and Estrus. Anim Vet Sci. 2014;2(4):101-104. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20140204.13

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@article{10.11648/j.avs.20140204.13,
  author = {Anton Lazarinov Antonov and Julieta Dineva Dineva and Plamen Ivanchev Georgiev},
  title = {Dynamics of Vaginal pH in the Bitch during Proestrus and Estrus},
  journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {101-104},
  doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20140204.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20140204.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20140204.13},
  abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of the pH of vaginal secretions during proestrus and estrus in bitches and its association with the optimal time for insemination and the values of steroid hormones. Sixteen bitches from different breeds and age were included in this investigation. Vaginal pH of each bitch was measured once daily, starting from the first day of vulval bleeding and continuing until the first day of cytological diestrus. In each bitch vaginal smears were taken to determine the onset of estrus and diestrus and blood samples were taken to determine serum progesterone (ng/ml) and estradiol-17β (pg/ml) for detection of the onset of ovulation and their influence on values and the dynamics of vaginal pH. Vaginal pH values in the bitches at the first day of proestrus were between 7.4 and 8.7. This parameter decreased with the progress of the proestrus and the entering into the estrus. Compared to the rest of the estrus, at the time of ovulation and on the next day, a consistent decrease of mean values (6.61±0.15 and 6.63±0.15 respectively) was observed (р<0,01). Individually at the time of ovulation vaginal pH ranged between 6.5 and 6.8. In the days following ovulation a gradual increase in mean values was detected. At the first day of diestrus vaginal pH values were measured significantly higher than those in estrus (р<0,001) and were between 7.4 and 8.3 (7.74±0.26). In our study we found that the vaginal pH values in the bitch are lowest at the time of ovulation, with individual variations and exceptions.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Dynamics of Vaginal pH in the Bitch during Proestrus and Estrus
AU - Anton Lazarinov Antonov
AU - Julieta Dineva Dineva
AU - Plamen Ivanchev Georgiev
Y1 - 2014/06/30
PY - 2014
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20140204.13
DO - 10.11648/j.avs.20140204.13
T2 - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JF - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JO - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
SP - 101
EP - 104
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-5850
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20140204.13
AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of the pH of vaginal secretions during proestrus and estrus in bitches and its association with the optimal time for insemination and the values of steroid hormones. Sixteen bitches from different breeds and age were included in this investigation. Vaginal pH of each bitch was measured once daily, starting from the first day of vulval bleeding and continuing until the first day of cytological diestrus. In each bitch vaginal smears were taken to determine the onset of estrus and diestrus and blood samples were taken to determine serum progesterone (ng/ml) and estradiol-17β (pg/ml) for detection of the onset of ovulation and their influence on values and the dynamics of vaginal pH. Vaginal pH values in the bitches at the first day of proestrus were between 7.4 and 8.7. This parameter decreased with the progress of the proestrus and the entering into the estrus. Compared to the rest of the estrus, at the time of ovulation and on the next day, a consistent decrease of mean values (6.61±0.15 and 6.63±0.15 respectively) was observed (р<0,01). Individually at the time of ovulation vaginal pH ranged between 6.5 and 6.8. In the days following ovulation a gradual increase in mean values was detected. At the first day of diestrus vaginal pH values were measured significantly higher than those in estrus (р<0,001) and were between 7.4 and 8.3 (7.74±0.26). In our study we found that the vaginal pH values in the bitch are lowest at the time of ovulation, with individual variations and exceptions.
VL - 2
IS - 4
ER -

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Author Information

Anton Lazarinov Antonov

Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Reproductive Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Julieta Dineva Dineva

Department of Immunobiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction "Acad. K. Bratanov", Tzarigradsko shose 73, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Plamen Ivanchev Georgiev

Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Reproductive Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

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APA Style

Anton Lazarinov Antonov, Julieta Dineva Dineva, Plamen Ivanchev Georgiev. (2014). Dynamics of Vaginal pH in the Bitch during Proestrus and Estrus. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2(4), 101-104. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20140204.13

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ACS Style

Anton Lazarinov Antonov; Julieta Dineva Dineva; Plamen Ivanchev Georgiev. Dynamics of Vaginal pH in the Bitch during Proestrus and Estrus. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2014, 2(4), 101-104. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20140204.13

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AMA Style

Anton Lazarinov Antonov, Julieta Dineva Dineva, Plamen Ivanchev Georgiev. Dynamics of Vaginal pH in the Bitch during Proestrus and Estrus. Anim Vet Sci. 2014;2(4):101-104. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20140204.13

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@article{10.11648/j.avs.20140204.13,
  author = {Anton Lazarinov Antonov and Julieta Dineva Dineva and Plamen Ivanchev Georgiev},
  title = {Dynamics of Vaginal pH in the Bitch during Proestrus and Estrus},
  journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {101-104},
  doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20140204.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20140204.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20140204.13},
  abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of the pH of vaginal secretions during proestrus and estrus in bitches and its association with the optimal time for insemination and the values of steroid hormones. Sixteen bitches from different breeds and age were included in this investigation. Vaginal pH of each bitch was measured once daily, starting from the first day of vulval bleeding and continuing until the first day of cytological diestrus. In each bitch vaginal smears were taken to determine the onset of estrus and diestrus and blood samples were taken to determine serum progesterone (ng/ml) and estradiol-17β (pg/ml) for detection of the onset of ovulation and their influence on values and the dynamics of vaginal pH. Vaginal pH values in the bitches at the first day of proestrus were between 7.4 and 8.7. This parameter decreased with the progress of the proestrus and the entering into the estrus. Compared to the rest of the estrus, at the time of ovulation and on the next day, a consistent decrease of mean values (6.61±0.15 and 6.63±0.15 respectively) was observed (р<0,01). Individually at the time of ovulation vaginal pH ranged between 6.5 and 6.8. In the days following ovulation a gradual increase in mean values was detected. At the first day of diestrus vaginal pH values were measured significantly higher than those in estrus (р<0,001) and were between 7.4 and 8.3 (7.74±0.26). In our study we found that the vaginal pH values in the bitch are lowest at the time of ovulation, with individual variations and exceptions.},
 year = {2014}
}

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