Ultrasound Quantification of Kidneys Length and Width to Establish Normal Values in Healthy Sudanese School Aged Children

Caroline Edward Ayad; Maha Nouri; Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla; Samih Awad Kajoak

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11

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Ultrasound Quantification of Kidneys Length and Width to Establish Normal Values in Healthy Sudanese School Aged Children

Caroline Edward Ayad, Maha Nouri, Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla, Samih Awad Kajoak

Published in American Journal of Health Research (Volume 2, Issue 3)

Received: 6 March 2014 Accepted: 10 April 2014 Published: 30 April 2014

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Abstract

Changes in renal morphology are apparent by many pathologies. The objectives of this study were to characterize the kidneys of Sudanese school aged children sonographically, and correlate with their demographic indices, as well as to establish a local reference of normal values. A total of 215 healthy children were included, 104 (48.4%) were males and 111 (51.6%) were females. All children underwent ultrasound examination for abdomen, coupling gel was used and longitudinal and transverse scans were obtained. The study showed that the normal Left Kidney Length was 7.9 ± 0.8, 8.1 ± 0.7.Left Kidney Width 3.9 ± 0.5, 3.9 ± 0.5 and Right Kidney Length 8.0 ± 0.8, 8.3 ± 0.8, Right Kidney Width 3.4 ± 0.4, 3.4 ± 0.4 for males and females respectively . Significant differences were noticed between two genders for left and right lengths(p-values =0.017, 0.037).A significant relationship at p-value 0.000 was detected between the kidneys measurements and children age, weight, height, abdomen circumference(AC) and Body mass index(BMI). The Left Kidney Length/spleen length ratio was found to be decreased in the ages of 9 and10 years for females and Right Kidney Length/liver length ratio was increased in the ages 8, 10 years for females. This study revealed that the kidneys measurements for Sudanese school aged children differed from what was mentioned in the previous studies in the same age groups. To the best of our knowledge, in clinical practice there are no pediatric kidneys length and width equations for interpretation of sonographic examinations. Reference values were established .We hope this study contributes to daily practice in ultrasound clinics. These measurements can be considered as typical, and should be used for adequate comparison in evaluation of children kidney diseases.

Published in	American Journal of Health Research (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11
Page(s)	84-88
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ultrasonography, Kidneys Measurements, Children

References

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[2]	D.M .Rosenbaum, E. Korngold, R.L. Teele. Sonographic assessment of renal length in normal children. AJR 1984; 142:467–470
[3]	B.K. Han, D.S. Babcock. Sonographic measurements and appearance of normal kidneys in children. AJR 1985; 145:611–616
[4]	M .Elkin, 1980. Kidney size, In: Elkin M (ed.), Radi-ology of the urinary system. Boston, Little, Brown and company: 1014-1032.
[5]	J.J. Chen, J. Pugach, M. Patel, A. Luisiri and G.F. Steinhardt, 2002. The renal length nomogram: a multivariate approach. J Urology. Vol. 168: 2149-2152.
[6]	J.T. De Sanctis, S.A. Connoly, R.T .Bramson. Effect of patient position on sonographically measured renal length in neonates, infants and children. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 170:1381–1383.
[7]	J.M .Zerin, C.E .Blane. Sonographic assessment of renal length in children: a reappraisal. Pediatr Radiol 1994; 24:101–106.
[8]	A.I. Udoaka, C. Enyi ,C.E. Agi ,Sonological Evaluation of the Liver, Spleen and the Kineys in an Adult Southern Nigerian Population Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 5(2): 33-36, 2013
[9]	Roger, S D, Beale, A M, Cattell, W R And Webb, Jaw, What is the value of measuring renal paren-chymalthickness before renal biopsy? Clin. Radioi, 49,45-49 (1994).
[10]	.Konus, A .Ozdemir, A .Akkaya, G .Erbas, H .Celik, S .Isik. Normal liver, spleen and kidney dimensions in neonates, infants and children: evaluation with sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 171:1693– 1698.
[11]	R.D .Lindeman, R .Goldman. Anatomic and physiologic age changes in the kidney. Exp Geront 1986; 21: 379-406
[12]	H.K. Rosenberg, R.I. Markowitz, H. Kolberg, C. Park, A .Hubbard, R.D. Bellah. Normal splenic size in infants and children: sonographic measurements. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1991; 157:119–121
[13]	U .Carpentieri, L.P. Gustavson, T.M .Leach, H .Bunce. Liver size in normal infants and children. South Med J 1977; 70:1096–1097.
[14]	.Konus, A .Ozdemir, A .Akkaya, G .Erbas, H .Celik, S.Isik. Normal liver, spleen and kidney dimensions in neonates, infants and children: evaluation with sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 171:1693–1698
[15]	S.K .Soyupak, N .Narli, H .Yapicioglu, M. Satar, E.H. Sungur. Sonographic measurements of the liver, spleen and kidney dimensions in the healthy term and preterm newborns. Eur J Radiol 2002; 43:73–78
[16]	J.M .Zerin, C.E .Blane. Sonographic assessment of renal length in children: a reappraisal. Pediatr Radiol 1994; 24:101–106
[17]	E .Dinkel, M. Ertel, M. Dittrich, H. Peters, M.Berres, H. Schulte-Wissermann. Kidney size inchildhood:sonographical growth charts for kidney length and volume. Pediatr Radiol 1985; 15:38–43
[18]	B.K .Han, D.S. Babcock. Sonographic measurements and appearance of normal kidneys in children. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1985; 145:611–616
[19]	H .Hricak, T.L .Slovis, C.W .Callen, P.W. Callen, R.N. Romanski. Neonatal Kidneys: Sonographic Anatomic Correlation. Radiology 1983; 147: 699-702
[20]	E .Dinkel, M. Ertel, M. Dittrich, H. Peters, M .Berres, H .Schulte-Wisserman. Kidney size in childhood. Sonographical growth charts for kidney length and volume. Pediatr Radiol 1985; 15:38-43
[21]	R .Čukuranović, P .Miljković, N .Stefanović, M .Stojanović, M .Daković-Bjelaković. Dimensions of normal kidney parameters in children estimated by ultrasonography. Folia Anat 2002;30: 23-30
[22]	Alp Alper Safak, ,Enver Simsek, ,Talat Bahcebasi, ,Sonographic Assessment of the Normal Limits and Percentile Curves of Liver, Spleen, and Kidney Dimensions in Healthy School-Aged Children J Ultrasound Med 2005; 24:1359–1364
[23]	Alev Kadioglu1 Renal Measurements, Including Length, Parenchyma Thickness, and Medullary Pyramid Thickness, in Healthy Children: What Are the Normative Ultrasound Values? AJR 2010; 194:509–515
[24]	A.E .Schlesinger, R.J .Hernandez, J.M .Zerin, T.I .Marks, R.C Kelsch. Interobserver and intraobserver variations in sonographic renal length measurements in children. AJR 1991; 156:1029–1032.

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APA Style

Caroline Edward Ayad, Maha Nouri, Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla, Samih Awad Kajoak. (2014). Ultrasound Quantification of Kidneys Length and Width to Establish Normal Values in Healthy Sudanese School Aged Children. American Journal of Health Research, 2(3), 84-88. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11

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ACS Style

Caroline Edward Ayad; Maha Nouri; Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla; Samih Awad Kajoak. Ultrasound Quantification of Kidneys Length and Width to Establish Normal Values in Healthy Sudanese School Aged Children. Am. J. Health Res. 2014, 2(3), 84-88. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11

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AMA Style

Caroline Edward Ayad, Maha Nouri, Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla, Samih Awad Kajoak. Ultrasound Quantification of Kidneys Length and Width to Establish Normal Values in Healthy Sudanese School Aged Children. Am J Health Res. 2014;2(3):84-88. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11,
  author = {Caroline Edward Ayad and Maha Nouri and Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla and Samih Awad Kajoak},
  title = {Ultrasound Quantification of Kidneys Length and Width to Establish Normal Values in Healthy Sudanese School Aged Children},
  journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {84-88},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20140203.11},
  abstract = {Changes in renal morphology are apparent by many pathologies. The objectives of this study were to characterize the kidneys of Sudanese school aged children sonographically, and correlate with their demographic indices, as well as to establish a local reference of normal values. A total of 215 healthy children were included, 104 (48.4%) were males and 111 (51.6%) were females. All children underwent ultrasound examination for abdomen, coupling gel was used and longitudinal and transverse scans were obtained. The study showed that the normal Left Kidney Length was 7.9 ± 0.8, 8.1 ± 0.7.Left Kidney Width 3.9 ± 0.5, 3.9 ± 0.5 and Right Kidney Length 8.0 ± 0.8, 8.3 ± 0.8, Right Kidney Width 3.4 ± 0.4, 3.4 ± 0.4 for males and females respectively . Significant differences were noticed between two genders for left and right lengths(p-values =0.017, 0.037).A significant relationship at p-value 0.000 was detected between the kidneys measurements and children age, weight, height, abdomen circumference(AC) and Body mass index(BMI). The Left Kidney Length/spleen length ratio was found to be decreased in the ages of 9 and10 years for females and Right Kidney Length/liver length ratio was increased in the ages 8, 10 years for females. This study revealed that the kidneys measurements for Sudanese school aged children differed from what was mentioned in the previous studies in the same age groups. To the best of our knowledge, in clinical practice there are no pediatric kidneys length and width equations for interpretation of sonographic examinations. Reference values were established .We hope this study contributes to daily practice in ultrasound clinics. These measurements can be considered as typical, and should be used for adequate comparison in evaluation of children kidney diseases.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ultrasound Quantification of Kidneys Length and Width to Establish Normal Values in Healthy Sudanese School Aged Children
AU  - Caroline Edward Ayad
AU  - Maha Nouri
AU  - Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla
AU  - Samih Awad Kajoak
Y1  - 2014/04/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11
T2  - American Journal of Health Research
JF  - American Journal of Health Research
JO  - American Journal of Health Research
SP  - 84
EP  - 88
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8796
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11
AB  - Changes in renal morphology are apparent by many pathologies. The objectives of this study were to characterize the kidneys of Sudanese school aged children sonographically, and correlate with their demographic indices, as well as to establish a local reference of normal values. A total of 215 healthy children were included, 104 (48.4%) were males and 111 (51.6%) were females. All children underwent ultrasound examination for abdomen, coupling gel was used and longitudinal and transverse scans were obtained. The study showed that the normal Left Kidney Length was 7.9 ± 0.8, 8.1 ± 0.7.Left Kidney Width 3.9 ± 0.5, 3.9 ± 0.5 and Right Kidney Length 8.0 ± 0.8, 8.3 ± 0.8, Right Kidney Width 3.4 ± 0.4, 3.4 ± 0.4 for males and females respectively . Significant differences were noticed between two genders for left and right lengths(p-values =0.017, 0.037).A significant relationship at p-value 0.000 was detected between the kidneys measurements and children age, weight, height, abdomen circumference(AC) and Body mass index(BMI). The Left Kidney Length/spleen length ratio was found to be decreased in the ages of 9 and10 years for females and Right Kidney Length/liver length ratio was increased in the ages 8, 10 years for females. This study revealed that the kidneys measurements for Sudanese school aged children differed from what was mentioned in the previous studies in the same age groups. To the best of our knowledge, in clinical practice there are no pediatric kidneys length and width equations for interpretation of sonographic examinations. Reference values were established .We hope this study contributes to daily practice in ultrasound clinics. These measurements can be considered as typical, and should be used for adequate comparison in evaluation of children kidney diseases.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Caroline Edward Ayad

Ultrasound Department, Sudan University of Science and Technology, College of Medical Radiological Science, Khartoum, Sudan
Maha Nouri

Ultrasound Department, Sudan University of Science and Technology, College of Medical Radiological Science, Khartoum, Sudan
Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla

Ultrasound Department, Sudan University of Science and Technology, College of Medical Radiological Science, Khartoum, Sudan
Samih Awad Kajoak

Ultrasound Department, Sudan University of Science and Technology, College of Medical Radiological Science, Khartoum, Sudan

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APA Style

Caroline Edward Ayad, Maha Nouri, Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla, Samih Awad Kajoak. (2014). Ultrasound Quantification of Kidneys Length and Width to Establish Normal Values in Healthy Sudanese School Aged Children. American Journal of Health Research, 2(3), 84-88. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11

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ACS Style

Caroline Edward Ayad; Maha Nouri; Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla; Samih Awad Kajoak. Ultrasound Quantification of Kidneys Length and Width to Establish Normal Values in Healthy Sudanese School Aged Children. Am. J. Health Res. 2014, 2(3), 84-88. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11

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AMA Style

Caroline Edward Ayad, Maha Nouri, Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla, Samih Awad Kajoak. Ultrasound Quantification of Kidneys Length and Width to Establish Normal Values in Healthy Sudanese School Aged Children. Am J Health Res. 2014;2(3):84-88. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11,
  author = {Caroline Edward Ayad and Maha Nouri and Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla and Samih Awad Kajoak},
  title = {Ultrasound Quantification of Kidneys Length and Width to Establish Normal Values in Healthy Sudanese School Aged Children},
  journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {84-88},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20140203.11},
  abstract = {Changes in renal morphology are apparent by many pathologies. The objectives of this study were to characterize the kidneys of Sudanese school aged children sonographically, and correlate with their demographic indices, as well as to establish a local reference of normal values. A total of 215 healthy children were included, 104 (48.4%) were males and 111 (51.6%) were females. All children underwent ultrasound examination for abdomen, coupling gel was used and longitudinal and transverse scans were obtained. The study showed that the normal Left Kidney Length was 7.9 ± 0.8, 8.1 ± 0.7.Left Kidney Width 3.9 ± 0.5, 3.9 ± 0.5 and Right Kidney Length 8.0 ± 0.8, 8.3 ± 0.8, Right Kidney Width 3.4 ± 0.4, 3.4 ± 0.4 for males and females respectively . Significant differences were noticed between two genders for left and right lengths(p-values =0.017, 0.037).A significant relationship at p-value 0.000 was detected between the kidneys measurements and children age, weight, height, abdomen circumference(AC) and Body mass index(BMI). The Left Kidney Length/spleen length ratio was found to be decreased in the ages of 9 and10 years for females and Right Kidney Length/liver length ratio was increased in the ages 8, 10 years for females. This study revealed that the kidneys measurements for Sudanese school aged children differed from what was mentioned in the previous studies in the same age groups. To the best of our knowledge, in clinical practice there are no pediatric kidneys length and width equations for interpretation of sonographic examinations. Reference values were established .We hope this study contributes to daily practice in ultrasound clinics. These measurements can be considered as typical, and should be used for adequate comparison in evaluation of children kidney diseases.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ultrasound Quantification of Kidneys Length and Width to Establish Normal Values in Healthy Sudanese School Aged Children
AU  - Caroline Edward Ayad
AU  - Maha Nouri
AU  - Elsafi Ahmed Abdalla
AU  - Samih Awad Kajoak
Y1  - 2014/04/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11
T2  - American Journal of Health Research
JF  - American Journal of Health Research
JO  - American Journal of Health Research
SP  - 84
EP  - 88
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8796
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.11
AB  - Changes in renal morphology are apparent by many pathologies. The objectives of this study were to characterize the kidneys of Sudanese school aged children sonographically, and correlate with their demographic indices, as well as to establish a local reference of normal values. A total of 215 healthy children were included, 104 (48.4%) were males and 111 (51.6%) were females. All children underwent ultrasound examination for abdomen, coupling gel was used and longitudinal and transverse scans were obtained. The study showed that the normal Left Kidney Length was 7.9 ± 0.8, 8.1 ± 0.7.Left Kidney Width 3.9 ± 0.5, 3.9 ± 0.5 and Right Kidney Length 8.0 ± 0.8, 8.3 ± 0.8, Right Kidney Width 3.4 ± 0.4, 3.4 ± 0.4 for males and females respectively . Significant differences were noticed between two genders for left and right lengths(p-values =0.017, 0.037).A significant relationship at p-value 0.000 was detected between the kidneys measurements and children age, weight, height, abdomen circumference(AC) and Body mass index(BMI). The Left Kidney Length/spleen length ratio was found to be decreased in the ages of 9 and10 years for females and Right Kidney Length/liver length ratio was increased in the ages 8, 10 years for females. This study revealed that the kidneys measurements for Sudanese school aged children differed from what was mentioned in the previous studies in the same age groups. To the best of our knowledge, in clinical practice there are no pediatric kidneys length and width equations for interpretation of sonographic examinations. Reference values were established .We hope this study contributes to daily practice in ultrasound clinics. These measurements can be considered as typical, and should be used for adequate comparison in evaluation of children kidney diseases.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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