The Evaluation of Carotid Intima Thickness in Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Effects of Thyroid Hormone Treatment

Ayşe Neslin Akkoca; Zeynep Tuğba Özdemir; Gül Soylu Özler; Laika Karabulut

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11

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The Evaluation of Carotid Intima Thickness in Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Effects of Thyroid Hormone Treatment

Ayşe Neslin Akkoca, Zeynep Tuğba Özdemir, Gül Soylu Özler, Laika Karabulut

Published in American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 2, Issue 4)

Received: 25 April 2014 Accepted: 17 June 2014 Published: 30 June 2014

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Abstract

Objectives: In this study, our aim was to investigate the CA-IMT in clinical hypothyroidism(CH) and subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH) and the effects of L-thyroxine replacement. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 20 patients with clinical hypothyroidism(CH group) and 20 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH group) and 20 patients with with normal thyroid hormone function tests (control group). Serum TSH, fasting glucose, lipid profile(total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride),HbA1c,insulin,HOMA and carotid intima media thickness(CA-IMT) of all subjects were measured at admission. Thereafter, all hypothyroid patients received L- thyroxine treatment. The previous tests were re-examined after achievement of euthyroidism for 6 months. The results of the tests before and after L- thyroxine treatment were compared. Results: The levels of TSH, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL for CH and SCH group were statistically different before and after treatment(p≤ 0.05). The levels of glucose, HDL,VLDL, HbA1c, insulin and HOMA for CH and SCH group were similar before and after treatment(p≥ 0.05). The difference of CA-IMT for both sides before and after treatment was statistically significant(p ≤0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that subjects with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism are characterized by an increment in the CA-IMT resulting from an adverse lipid profile, which can be reversed by thyroid hormone replacement. So, thyroid hormone replacement may be helpful to prevent or at least slow down atherosclerosis in hypothyroid subjects.

Published in	American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11
Page(s)	59-63
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hypothyroidism, L- thyroxine, CA-IMT

References

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[2]	Baldassarre D, Tremoli E, Amato M, Veglia F, Bondioli A,Sirtori CR. Reproducibility validation study comparing analog and digital im-aging technologies for the measurement of intima-media thickness. Stroke 2000;31: 1104–1110.
[3]	P. M. Ridker PM, M. J. Stampfer MJ, and N. Rifai N.Novel risk factors for sys-temic atherosclerosis: a comparison of Creactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, lipoprotein(a), and standard cholesterol screening as predictors of peripheral arterial disease. JAMA 2001;285: 2481–2485.
[4]	Razvi S, Shakoor A, Vanderpump M, Weaver JU, Pearce SH. The influence of age on the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and ischemic heart disease: a metaanalysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab2008;93: 2998-3007.
[5]	Hak AE, Pols HA, Visser TJ, Drexhage HA, Hofman A, Witteman JC. Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: the Rotterdam Study.Ann Intern Med 2000;132: 270-278.
[6]	Walsh JP, Bremner AP, Bulsara MK, O’Leary P, Leedman PJ, Feddema P, Michelangeli V. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction as a risk factor for cardiovascular dis-ease. Arch Intern Med 2005;165: 2467-2472.
[7]	Kuller LH, Burke GL, Tracy RP, Ladenson PW. Thyroid status, cardiovascular risk, and mortality in older adults. JAMA 2006;295: 1033-1041.
[8]	Rodondi N, Newman AB, Vittinghoff E, de Rekeneire N, Satterfield S, Harris TB, Bauer DC. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of heart failure, other cardiovascular events, and death. Arch Intern Med 2005;165: 2460-2466.
[9]	Chiche F, Jublanc C, Coudert M, Car-reau V, Kahn JF, Bruckert E. Hypothyroidism is not associated with increased carotid atherosclero-sis when cardiovascular risk factors are accounted for in hyperlipidemic patients. Atherosclerosis 2008;203: 269-276.
[10]	Bots ML, Hoes AW, Koudstaal PJ, Hofman A, Grobbee DE. Common carotid intima-media thickness and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction: the Rotterdam Study. Circulation1997; 96: 1432-1437.
[11]	Nagasaki T, Inaba M, Henmi Y, Kumeda Y, Ueda M, Taha-ra H, Sugiguchi S, Fujiwara S, Emoto M, Ishimura E, Onoda N, Ishikawa T, Nishizawa Y. Decrease in carotid intima-media thickness in hypothyroid patients after normalization of thyroid function. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)2003; 59: 607-612.
[12]	Taddei S, Caraccio N, Virdis A, Dardano A, Versari D, Ghiadoni L, Ferrannini E, Salvetti A, Monzani F. Low-grade systemic inflammation causes en-dothelial dysfunction in patients with Hashimoto’ s thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91: 5076-5082.
[13]	Kvetny J, Heldgaard PE, Bladbjerg EM, Gram J. Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with a lowgrade inflammation, increased triglyceride levels and predicts cardiovascu-lar disease in males below 50 years. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)2004; 61: 232-238.
[14]	Xiang GD, He YS, Zhao LS, Hou J, Yue L, Xiang HJ. Impairment of endothelium-dependent arterial dilation in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients with euthyroidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006;64: 698-702.

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Ayşe Neslin Akkoca, Zeynep Tuğba Özdemir, Gül Soylu Özler, Laika Karabulut. (2014). The Evaluation of Carotid Intima Thickness in Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Effects of Thyroid Hormone Treatment. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2(4), 59-63. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11

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ACS Style

Ayşe Neslin Akkoca; Zeynep Tuğba Özdemir; Gül Soylu Özler; Laika Karabulut. The Evaluation of Carotid Intima Thickness in Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Effects of Thyroid Hormone Treatment. Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2014, 2(4), 59-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11

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AMA Style

Ayşe Neslin Akkoca, Zeynep Tuğba Özdemir, Gül Soylu Özler, Laika Karabulut. The Evaluation of Carotid Intima Thickness in Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Effects of Thyroid Hormone Treatment. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2014;2(4):59-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11,
  author = {Ayşe Neslin Akkoca and Zeynep Tuğba Özdemir and Gül Soylu Özler and Laika Karabulut},
  title = {The Evaluation of Carotid Intima Thickness in Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Effects of Thyroid Hormone Treatment},
  journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {59-63},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20140204.11},
  abstract = {Objectives: In this study, our aim was to investigate the CA-IMT in clinical hypothyroidism(CH) and subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH) and the effects of L-thyroxine replacement. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 20 patients with clinical hypothyroidism(CH group) and 20 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH group) and 20 patients with with normal thyroid hormone function tests (control group). Serum TSH, fasting glucose, lipid profile(total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride),HbA1c,insulin,HOMA and carotid intima media thickness(CA-IMT) of all subjects were measured at admission. Thereafter, all hypothyroid patients received L- thyroxine treatment. The previous tests were re-examined after achievement of euthyroidism for 6 months. The results of the tests before and after L- thyroxine treatment were compared. Results: The levels of TSH, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL for CH and SCH group were statistically different before and after treatment(p≤ 0.05). The levels of glucose, HDL,VLDL, HbA1c, insulin and HOMA for CH and SCH group were similar before and after treatment(p≥ 0.05). The difference of CA-IMT for both sides before and after treatment was statistically significant(p ≤0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that subjects with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism are characterized by an increment in the CA-IMT resulting from an adverse lipid profile, which can be reversed by thyroid hormone replacement. So, thyroid hormone replacement may be helpful to prevent or at least slow down atherosclerosis in hypothyroid subjects.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Evaluation of Carotid Intima Thickness in Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Effects of Thyroid Hormone Treatment
AU  - Ayşe Neslin Akkoca
AU  - Zeynep Tuğba Özdemir
AU  - Gül Soylu Özler
AU  - Laika Karabulut
Y1  - 2014/06/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11
T2  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
SP  - 59
EP  - 63
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8133
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11
AB  - Objectives: In this study, our aim was to investigate the CA-IMT in clinical hypothyroidism(CH) and subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH) and the effects of L-thyroxine replacement. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 20 patients with clinical hypothyroidism(CH group) and 20 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH group) and 20 patients with with normal thyroid hormone function tests (control group). Serum TSH, fasting glucose, lipid profile(total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride),HbA1c,insulin,HOMA and carotid intima media thickness(CA-IMT) of all subjects were measured at admission. Thereafter, all hypothyroid patients received L- thyroxine treatment. The previous tests were re-examined after achievement of euthyroidism for 6 months. The results of the tests before and after L- thyroxine treatment were compared. Results: The levels of TSH, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL for CH and SCH group were statistically different before and after treatment(p≤ 0.05). The levels of glucose, HDL,VLDL, HbA1c, insulin and HOMA for CH and SCH group were similar before and after treatment(p≥ 0.05). The difference of CA-IMT for both sides before and after treatment was statistically significant(p ≤0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that subjects with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism are characterized by an increment in the CA-IMT resulting from an adverse lipid profile, which can be reversed by thyroid hormone replacement. So, thyroid hormone replacement may be helpful to prevent or at least slow down atherosclerosis in hypothyroid subjects.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Ayşe Neslin Akkoca
Zeynep Tuğba Özdemir
Gül Soylu Özler
Laika Karabulut

Gastroenterology Specialist, Okmeydan? Research and TrainingHospital, Istanbul, Turkey

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Ayşe Neslin Akkoca, Zeynep Tuğba Özdemir, Gül Soylu Özler, Laika Karabulut. (2014). The Evaluation of Carotid Intima Thickness in Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Effects of Thyroid Hormone Treatment. American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2(4), 59-63. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11

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ACS Style

Ayşe Neslin Akkoca; Zeynep Tuğba Özdemir; Gül Soylu Özler; Laika Karabulut. The Evaluation of Carotid Intima Thickness in Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Effects of Thyroid Hormone Treatment. Am. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2014, 2(4), 59-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11

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AMA Style

Ayşe Neslin Akkoca, Zeynep Tuğba Özdemir, Gül Soylu Özler, Laika Karabulut. The Evaluation of Carotid Intima Thickness in Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Effects of Thyroid Hormone Treatment. Am J Clin Exp Med. 2014;2(4):59-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11,
  author = {Ayşe Neslin Akkoca and Zeynep Tuğba Özdemir and Gül Soylu Özler and Laika Karabulut},
  title = {The Evaluation of Carotid Intima Thickness in Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Effects of Thyroid Hormone Treatment},
  journal = {American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {59-63},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcem.20140204.11},
  abstract = {Objectives: In this study, our aim was to investigate the CA-IMT in clinical hypothyroidism(CH) and subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH) and the effects of L-thyroxine replacement. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 20 patients with clinical hypothyroidism(CH group) and 20 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH group) and 20 patients with with normal thyroid hormone function tests (control group). Serum TSH, fasting glucose, lipid profile(total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride),HbA1c,insulin,HOMA and carotid intima media thickness(CA-IMT) of all subjects were measured at admission. Thereafter, all hypothyroid patients received L- thyroxine treatment. The previous tests were re-examined after achievement of euthyroidism for 6 months. The results of the tests before and after L- thyroxine treatment were compared. Results: The levels of TSH, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL for CH and SCH group were statistically different before and after treatment(p≤ 0.05). The levels of glucose, HDL,VLDL, HbA1c, insulin and HOMA for CH and SCH group were similar before and after treatment(p≥ 0.05). The difference of CA-IMT for both sides before and after treatment was statistically significant(p ≤0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that subjects with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism are characterized by an increment in the CA-IMT resulting from an adverse lipid profile, which can be reversed by thyroid hormone replacement. So, thyroid hormone replacement may be helpful to prevent or at least slow down atherosclerosis in hypothyroid subjects.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Evaluation of Carotid Intima Thickness in Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Effects of Thyroid Hormone Treatment
AU  - Ayşe Neslin Akkoca
AU  - Zeynep Tuğba Özdemir
AU  - Gül Soylu Özler
AU  - Laika Karabulut
Y1  - 2014/06/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11
T2  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
SP  - 59
EP  - 63
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8133
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11
AB  - Objectives: In this study, our aim was to investigate the CA-IMT in clinical hypothyroidism(CH) and subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH) and the effects of L-thyroxine replacement. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 20 patients with clinical hypothyroidism(CH group) and 20 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH group) and 20 patients with with normal thyroid hormone function tests (control group). Serum TSH, fasting glucose, lipid profile(total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride),HbA1c,insulin,HOMA and carotid intima media thickness(CA-IMT) of all subjects were measured at admission. Thereafter, all hypothyroid patients received L- thyroxine treatment. The previous tests were re-examined after achievement of euthyroidism for 6 months. The results of the tests before and after L- thyroxine treatment were compared. Results: The levels of TSH, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL for CH and SCH group were statistically different before and after treatment(p≤ 0.05). The levels of glucose, HDL,VLDL, HbA1c, insulin and HOMA for CH and SCH group were similar before and after treatment(p≥ 0.05). The difference of CA-IMT for both sides before and after treatment was statistically significant(p ≤0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that subjects with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism are characterized by an increment in the CA-IMT resulting from an adverse lipid profile, which can be reversed by thyroid hormone replacement. So, thyroid hormone replacement may be helpful to prevent or at least slow down atherosclerosis in hypothyroid subjects.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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